Preheat the oven to 450 degrees F.
On a sheet pan, toss the mushrooms and garlic clove with 1 tablespoon olive oil, 1/2 teaspoon kosher salt and 1/4 teaspoon black pepper. Arrange the mushrooms in a single layer. Roast for 10-12 minutes until the mushrooms are browned.
Toss the asparagus with the mushrooms, spreading everything into a single layer and continue roasting for 5-6 minutes until the mushrooms are browned and slightly crisp at the edges and the asparagus is bright green.
To make the barley. Combine the grains and water in a medium saucepan. Bring to a boil, reduce heat and simmer for 12 minutes until the grains are tender, but still chewy. Let stand for 2-3 minutes and fluff with a fork. Drain the remaining water if necessary. Transfer to a large bowl.
For the vinaigrette, squeeze the roasted garlic clove into a small bowl and add the mustard, 1/2 teaspoon kosher salt, 1/4 teaspoon black pepper, lemon juice and 1/4 cup olive oil. Mash the garlic as you whisk the dressing.
To assemble the salad, combine the barley, asparagus and mushrooms, spinach, scallions, walnuts, parmesan and parsley.
Drizzle in the vinaigrette, tossing to combine.